IoT :: The end Devices(microprocessors, controllers ,Sensors,Actuator)

WebCam Bot[/caption]

Do you Want to automate things using IoT ? Yes ? But You are So confused or want to know how to do that?? Are you in dilemma Choosing boards (Ardunio/Raspberri pi) ? enn What is it ? Okay from the bottom to top this post would try to clear your fuss . Keep reading . All the best.

**:: If you want to go Deep

[caption id="attachment_726" align="aligncenter" width="340"]

Raspberri Pi Connection with Sensor[/caption]

To Learn :

What is a Processor and what is a Controller
difference between them, why and where to be used the particular one , Types of Processors and Controllers (e.g.- Raspberri pi, Artik board, Intel Edison, ARM, Arduino, AVR , PIC ,8051 uc), why there are different types, *Why Arduino ??

What is a Sensor and Actuator Difference between them, How it is used.

1.What Is Processor and What is Controller ?

To create a automated thing which will function the way we want. The Requirements are sensor, processor/controller and Actuators. Sensor can take the data like our nose takes breath and process it in processor ,where we program it so that it can trigger the action what we want do so we have to write programme in Computer language so that the processor can understand and then that processor command to the actuator to do the task .
So as you see The main thing is that what you want to do that can be achieved using Processor/controllers. It is a the brain of total system which commands other to do the task as others doesn't have the capability to process and can be programmed like this . So we will start from the Processor/Controller as this is the brain of our sysetm.

Difference b/w controller and processors
General Definition of processor :
1."a machine that processes something. It can perform Multiple task at a time in less time ."
2."Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second."
** 3.Inside Processor There is only ALU,Control Unit and Registers. You need to add extra memory like ROM(500 GB Hard Disk extra) .In the Architecture The memory is not included for making it processor size small otherwise the size may bigger because m/m size is big enough compared to processor chip.
General definition for Controller :
1."A control device which incorporates a microprocessor.It is used for specific task .It cant perform multiple task at a time with high efficiency as processor can do ,it is the basic difference between processors and controllers . So if you need a High processing speed that is less time and more works at a time then you have to go for Microprocessor ".
Controllers are integrated with memory of size KB where as processors can accces GB/TB of externall m/m.
2." is a small computer (SoC) on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals."
**3.The Controller contains everything that processor contains but with bit extra memory and ADC and extra things.The controller small in size is used only for

Doubt?? Okay Basic Conclusion is :
Processor or controller are same. They both are programmable device . To Perform any operation as we want e.g. we want to blink an LED, to sweep the floor etc in our absesnce or without human effort .Just write the desired programe (Computer language like C/C++, Java, Python, C# etc and many more) and dump into the board as you are dumping into your computer processor which you called compiling. But there is a minute difference between controller and processors , i.e. in architecture and speed/processing power. As

NOTE: In Those processor/ controller "Micro" is used first .e.g. microcontroller because when the Circuit was designed due to small size (CU, ALU, Registers and Buses adjusted in between this ) And again due to small size the speed/processing speed increased (As in Bus connection distance is less so it takes small time to fetch and transmit data in between different units) which results processing time in Micro second . So It is called as Microprocessor/MicroController

Look the architecture of Microprocesssor (CPU) architecture::

[caption id="attachment_409" align="aligncenter" width="547"] mmcapture

No Flash m/m or RAM are inside the CPU here[/caption]

Look at the Micro controller architecture where including CPU there is extra EEPROM and different Units are available. Its a Mini Computer like

[caption id="attachment_414" align="aligncenter" width="439"]

Here Flash m/m and RAM are integrated inside a chip with CPU like a Mini computer[/caption]

The above are the basic Difference in microcontroler and microprocessors.

How to choose the particular one i.e. processors or controllers?
MicroProcessor:: 1.Processing speed of Giga Hertz
2.Memory you can interface of GB/TB
3.Cost is more

MicroControler:: 1.Processing speed of Mega Hertz 2.Memory Inside chip is of KB
3. much cheaper than MicroProcessor

you can visualize the difference.
As said before So if you need a High processing speed application for less time and more works at a time then you have to go for Microprocessor .e.g. 1. Used in Industrial purpose where huge data acquisition processing is required 2. In traffic face detection purpose you will need much m/m as well as processing power. And if you will work with That work with controller that might not give you very efficient result due to above specification.
NOTE: Choose according to your work and Cost .

Types Of Boards :
Now a days different manufacturer are producing uProcessor and uController. here "u" suggests"Micro" . uMicrocontroller= MicroController
MicroProcessors boards :
Raspberri pi, Intel Edison, Samsung Artik ,IBM Watson, Texas Instruments Board

MicroController:
AVR uController, PIC uController, 8051 uController and each one of them have different products like AVR has ATMega 16, ATMega 32, ATMega 128 like this accoding to their speed and memory.

What's needed For using Microprocessor Boards ?
Ans: Buy any Board above there ,Then Just Install Any of OS like MAC, WIndows, Linux there and You can Program it in any Language Of your choice as it is same as your Computer you use.

So What is a Arduino then?
Ans : Arduino is a hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures computer open-source hardware, open-source software, and microcontroller-based kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control physical devices

Is it a MicroProcessor or uController?
Actually it is not a microcontroller it is a board which contains AVR microcontroller family chip for processing inside. So it is a Microcontroller contained board.

[caption id="attachment_554" align="alignnone" width="680"]

This is a Arduino Uno Board having AVR microcontroller ATMega328p processing family pointed there[/caption]

This is a board which contains AVR Microcontroller for processing along with different pins and LED on board.

Can't We directly Program a Microcontroller?
Ans:: Yes you can . If you are aware of Microcontroller and its Registers, Ports , Timer concept,ADC then definitely you can programme Microcontroller using C Language or Assembly Language. :)

Why Arduino?
Ans: What if you don't know Those ADC , TIMER, Register and Assembly Language? Can't we make a automated thing of our choice? Here So The Arduino Community has started a project where they named it Arduino where They aimed to make it open the use of microcontroller with anyone having less knowledge of the above can develop and create his/her idea into reality. Dedicated to School children's, Non-Engineers/Engineers having less idea of the above . Arduino provides IDE where you can code in C/C++ having more inbuilt Arduino library where it is aimed to your Creativity so that there will be no barrier of Language anymore for your Imagination to build. You Don't Need Anything other than a there is inbuilt Programmer inside the Arduino Which converts the High level Program into Machine level i.e. Controller understandable Binary format.
NOTE : If you want to use Python,C# then also you can write and that can be dumped into the arduino board. Watch video :: Program Arduino with Python Tutorial.

Arduino Boards are :: There are a no of boards are Available if you have to decide any one of this as per your application as the processing speed and memory size varies in each board.
Arduino Mega is of 16 MHZ processing speed and having memory of 256 KB and maximum no of ports are available.
Arduino Uno is Advisable for the novice as it has everything to start.
arduino board:: Different Arduino Boards

2.What are Sensors And Actuators ? Sensors: :A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other environmental phenomena. The output is generally a signal that is converted to human-readable display at the sensor location or transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further processing at processor or controllers.
e.g.- Temperature Sensor, Thermometer, Camera ,Keyboard, IR Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensor, Smoke Sensor, Accelerometer, Proximity Sensor, Microphone etc.

Actuators: It is Output Device/IC which take commands/data from the Controller/Processor and Perform as Commanded.
e.g.- LED, Motors, LCD , Computer Monitor, Loud Speaker etc .

[caption id="attachment_media-14" align="alignnone" width="573"]

Sensors , Controller and Actuators[/caption]

BreadBoard: BreadBoard is construction base for electronic prototyping. Where you can use different Pins to connnect as it has more no of ports. And It is basically used for testing of electronic prototyping instruments where you needn't to worry for soldering the pins of the electronic instruments.

[caption id="attachment_media-18" align="alignnone" width="1360"]

BreadBoard Connection::Blue line suggests Horizontal Line are of same Potential and Red pointed suggest that vertical are of same potential[/caption]

In the Next Post we will discuss how to connect sensors and controllers over internet with practical boards i.e. broad View of IoT.

For more Video :: Google Muxtrap Videos
Comments are most welcome!!!!! Thank you :)